How Is UN3481 Classified for Airplane Transport?
UN3481 classifies lithium-ion batteries packed with or contained in equipment for safe air transport. It mandates strict packaging, labeling, documentation, and state-of-charge restrictions to minimize risks onboard aircraft, ensuring compliance with international air transport regulations enforced by airlines and authorities.
How Does UN3481 Define Batteries Packed with Equipment for Air Transport?
UN3481 covers lithium-ion batteries installed in equipment (e.g., laptops) or packed with equipment (e.g., spare batteries shipped in the same carton). This classification distinguishes them from batteries shipped alone (UN3480), ensuring they meet tailored packaging and handling standards specific to combined shipments.
What Packaging Requirements Must Be Met Under UN3481 for Airplane Transport?
Packages must have inner packaging fully enclosing batteries to prevent movement and short circuits, enclosed in strong outer containers. Shipments are limited to batteries powering equipment plus up to two spares, and batteries generally must not exceed 100 Wh per battery or 20 Wh per cell.
Which Labels and Markings Are Mandatory on UN3481 Air Shipments?
Packages must display Class 9 hazard labels, the UN3481 marking for clarity, and a Lithium Battery Handling Label for air transport. If battery sizes or quantities exceed thresholds, “Cargo Aircraft Only” labels are required. These labels communicate hazards and handling needs to airline and ground staff.
Why Is Documentation Important for UN3481 Air Transport Compliance?
Complete and accurate paperwork, including waybills, invoices, and sometimes a Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD), proves compliance and facilitates customs and carrier acceptance. Batteries under 100 Wh may not require DGD, reducing paperwork but still requiring precise shipment descriptions.
How Do State-of-Charge Restrictions Affect UN3481 Shipments by Air?
From January 2026, lithium-ion batteries packed with or contained in equipment transported by air must be shipped at a maximum State of Charge (SoC) of 30%. This limit reduces thermal risks in flight and aligns with international airline safety protocols.
Can OEM Manufacturers Customize UN3481 Packages to Meet Air Transport Regulations?
Yes. Chinese OEM factories like Heated Battery customize battery capacities, packaging, and labeling to meet air transport regulations globally. Tailored solutions ensure clients receive compliant, safe shipments suited to various regulatory demands and logistical requirements.
When Are Special Air Transport Restrictions or Approvals Needed for UN3481 Batteries?
Damaged, defective, or recalled batteries are forbidden on aircraft without special approval. Shipments exceeding watt-hour limits or quantities must follow more stringent packing instructions (e.g., Section IA). Operators and shippers must often notify carriers before shipment.
Where Do Shippers Commonly Face Difficulties Complying With UN3481 Air Transport?
Common issues include mislabeling, incomplete documentation, improper packaging, and insufficient staff training. Cooperation with experienced, ISO 9001-certified manufacturers and freight operators, such as Heated Battery, mitigates risk and ensures smooth, legal air transport.