Are lithium batteries classed as dangerous goods?
Yes, lithium batteries are classified as dangerous goods under international transport regulations. Both lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries fall under UN Class 9 hazardous materials due to their fire and explosion risks during transport. Specific UN codes apply: UN3480 for lithium-ion batteries, UN3090 for lithium-metal batteries, and variants like UN3481/UN3091 for batteries installed in equipment. Regulatory compliance mandates specialized packaging, safety certifications, and documentation such as MSDS reports and Dangerous Goods Transport Certificates (危包证) for export.
Understanding the Difference Between UN3480 and UN3481 for Lithium Batteries
What defines lithium batteries as dangerous goods?
Lithium batteries pose thermal runaway risks when damaged, overcharged, or short-circuited, releasing flammable electrolytes. Their energy density (100–265 Wh/kg) amplifies combustion intensity. Regulatory frameworks like IMDG Code categorize them under Class 9 for transport, requiring UN38.3 certification to validate stability under vibration, temperature extremes, and altitude changes. Pro Tip: Always use UN-marked packaging with flame-retardant liners for lithium cells exceeding 20 Wh.
How are lithium batteries categorized for international shipping?
Shipping classifications depend on battery chemistry and packaging: standalone lithium-ion cells fall under UN3480, while those integrated into devices use UN3481. Lithium-metal counterparts follow UN3090/UN3091. For example, a 10 kg shipment of loose 18650 cells requires UN3480 labeling, whereas a pallet of battery-powered drones uses UN3481. Pro Tip: Mixed shipments of standalone and installed batteries require separate UN coding—combining them invalidates compliance.
| Battery Type | UN Code | Packaging Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium-ion (loose) | UN3480 | UN-certified outer box + inner dividers |
| Lithium-ion (in device) | UN3481 | Non-conductive inner packaging |
What documentation is required for lithium battery exports?
Exporters must provide MSDS sheets detailing chemical composition, flash points, and emergency protocols. A valid Dangerous Goods Transport Certificate (危包证) confirms packaging passed crush, pressure, and leak tests. For instance, a 500 kg lithium-ion shipment to India requires original危包证 copies for customs clearance. Warning: Missing or expired危包证 triggers cargo confiscation and fines up to 300% of product value.
How do regulations vary by battery capacity?
Batteries exceeding 100 Wh face stricter controls. Cells above 20 Wh or packs over 100 Wh require full Class 9 compliance, while smaller units may qualify for limited quantity exceptions. A 200 Wh e-bike battery, for example, needs hazard labels on all six box faces, whereas a 50 Wh power bank might ship with simplified markings. Pro Tip: Always verify carrier-specific rules—FedEx and DHL impose additional restrictions beyond IATA standards.
Battery Expert Insight
FAQs
Yes, but under IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. Passenger aircraft prohibit standalone lithium batteries over 30% state of charge, while cargo planes allow up to 50% charge with enhanced packaging.
What happens if危包证 is missing?
Customs authorities will detain shipments, potentially destroying non-compliant batteries. Exporters face blacklisting from trade databases for repeated violations.
Are recycled lithium batteries still classified as dangerous?
Yes—used batteries retain Class 9 status. Special handling applies for damaged or swollen cells, requiring leak-proof secondary containment.